{
  "version": "carriers-2026.1",
  "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj",
  "effectiveDate": "2026-07-20",
  "identifierScheme": {
    "standard": "ISO/IEC 15459",
    "description": "Unique identifier for each physical battery, scoped to the issuing organisation. Embedded in the data carrier and the resolve URL."
  },
  "resolverUriScheme": {
    "standard": "GS1 Digital Link (ISO/IEC 18975)",
    "urlTemplate": "{baseUrl}/dpp/{uid}",
    "description": "GS1 Digital Link-style URI. Any conformant resolver/scanner reaches the passport by following the URL encoded in the carrier."
  },
  "carriers": [
    {
      "type": "qr",
      "standard": "ISO/IEC 18004",
      "encoding": "URL (UTF-8)",
      "output": "SVG",
      "description": "QR Code — recommended default. Scannable by any smartphone camera."
    },
    {
      "type": "datamatrix",
      "standard": "ISO/IEC 16022",
      "encoding": "URL (UTF-8)",
      "output": "SVG",
      "description": "Data Matrix — compact, suitable for small label areas."
    },
    {
      "type": "nfc",
      "standard": "NFC Forum NDEF / ISO/IEC 14443",
      "encoding": "NDEF URI Record (RTD_URI 0x03)",
      "output": "NDEF descriptor + raw hex payload",
      "description": "NFC — for embedded chips (RFID/NFC tags) on the physical product."
    }
  ]
}